There are a mixture of multiple choice and short-answer questions. Select from the answers given or type in your answer in the box provided. You can answer questions individually or select the option - 'show all questions'
Study the diagram of the hydrological cycle.What is the name of the movement of water identified as number 6?
Precipitation
Interception
Infiltration
Throughflow
What is the area of water drained by a river called?
Floodplain
Drainage Basin
Drainage land
Levée
What is meant by evapotranspiration?
Where water from the ground is evaporated.
Water moving through the soil to reach the river
Where water vapour from trees and plants and the ground itself passes to the air
Rain, snow or sleet
What is the horizontal movement of water through the soil called?
Interception
Percolation
Throughflow
Groundwater Flow
Name the landform feature shown in the diagram below
What are the four processes of river erosion called?
erosion; abrasion; traction and solution
traction; suspension; attrition and abrasion
abrasion; attrition; hydraulic action and solution
hydraulic action; attrition; saltation and abrasion
What is traction?
a process of river transport by which large boulders are rolled along the bed
an erosion process by which rocks are worn smooth
a transport process by which silt and clay-sized particles are carried within the water
when large materials are deposited
Identify one landform feature found in the upper course of a river
delta
ox-bow lake
waterfall
floodplain
The x marked on the diagram shows the point at which two rivers meet, what is this called?
floodplain
confluence
distributory
delta
On a meander bend does erosion occur on the outside or inside bend?
What is the name of upland river feature shown in this photograph?
a u-shaped valley
waterfall
a v-shaped valley
a gorge
Look at the diagram of waterfall formation. What is the name of the steep sided valley left behind as the waterfall retreats?
How does straightening a river help to reduce the risks of flooding?
reduces the speed of flow
reduces friction and allows water to be carried away quickly
increases the width of the river
less water will enter the river
What is meant by lag-time?
the time between maximum rainfall and peak discharge
the time between the lowest rainfall and peak discharge
the time taken for the river to return to normal flow
how quickly the river level falls
Identify one feature of the lower course of a river
waterfall
meander
estuary
v-shaped valley
What is the name give to a graph showing the pattern of river discharge over a period of time?
What are levées?
a raised river bank, increasing river capacity and reducing the likelihood of flooding
a small channel running into the main river
features formed by erosion along the side of a river
material transported by a river
What is the edge of a drainage basin called (see feature x on the diagram)?
How does deforestation increase the likelihood of flooding?
it reduces the amount of water reaching the river
it increases the amount of infiltration that will occur
less interception means that more water will enter the river
it makes the surface impermeable
What are the main characteristics of the upper course of a river?
narrow, steep sided valley with wide channel and smooth bed
narrow, steep sided valley with narrow channel and rocky bed
wide valley with gentle sloping sides
steep slopes, slow flowing river with small boulders
Which course of a river does the photograph show? Upper, middle or lower?
How do urban areas increase the likelihood of flooding?
they have many permeable surfaces that allow water to pass over them
there is less evaporation in urban areas
they have many impermeable surfaces that cause surface runoff
There are more trees to soak up water
What do we call the process that occurs when material can no longer be carried by a river?
Bangladesh has a monsoon climate bringing heavy rain and resulting in large amounts of runoff - true or false?
True
False
Which of the following correctly summarise the main changes in a river as it passes downstream?
the channel becomes wider and deeper, less sediment can be carried; the discharge is lower
the gradient becomes steeper; velocity and discharge increases; the channel becomes wider and deeper
the gradient becomes more gentle; the channel becomes wider and deeper; velocity and discharge increases; more sediment is carried;
discharge increases; velocity decreases; the channel becomes narrower