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| Constructive waves | These waves have limited energy and build up beaches (greater swash than backwash) |
| Destructive waves | These waves have alot of energy and erode beaches (greater backwash than swash) |
| The Fetch | The distance over which the wind has blown to form a wave |
| Erosion | The wearing away of the land |
| Hydraulic Action | The force of waves compressing air in cracks in cliffs, forcing the cracks open. |
| Solution | When salts and other acids in seawater slowly dissolve rocks |
| Abrasion | When large waves hurl beach material against a cliff |
| Swash | Water moving up a beach |
| Attrition | Waves swirling rock fragments about, which collide and break each other down |
| Backwash | Water moving down a beach |
| Longshore Drift | The movement of material along a coast |
| Bar | Ridge of sediment reaching across the mouth of a bay |
| Tombolo | Ridge of sediment joining an island to the mainland |
| Spit | Ridge of sediment growing out into the sea (formed by longshore drift) |
| solid rock platform at the base of a cliff | Wave-cut platform |
| Stack | Rock left standing out in the sea having been separated from the mainland by erosion |
| Arch | Wave cut passage through a headland |
| Headland | Area of hard resistant rock jutting out into the sea |
| Bay | An indent in the coastline where there is soft less resistant rock |
| Beach | A build up of sand, pebbles and the sea where the land meets the sea |